Class 5 Elementary School
Summary of the theory.
Light is one of the electromagnetic waves so that the speed of lightequal to the speed of electromagnetic wave that is: 3 x 10 ⁸ m / s.
Thus, light can propagate in a vacuum.
Light includes a transverse wave because of the vibration andrambatannya direction perpendicular to each other.
Objects around us are grouped into two categories, namely:
1. light sources, namely all objects which can produce its own light.
2. Dark objects, ie objects which can not produce light.
Dark objects are grouped into three kinds, namely:
1. Translucent objects, ie objects which can continue some of the light.
2. Opaque objects are objects which can not forward light.
3. Object nodes are objects which can pick up almost all the lightwhich the light about it.
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT
1. Light traveling straight.
For example: sun, light flashlight, light lamps, etc.
2. The light penetrates the object nodes.
3. Light can be reflected
4. Light can be refracted
5. White light consists of various colors.
Light propagation.
If the medium through which the light is homogeneous, the light willtravel straight.
There are 2 kinds of shadow which is formed behind the object, theUmbra and Panumbra.
Umbra is a dark area behind the object which received no light atall.
Panumbra is dimly lit area behind the objects that still receivesome light.
The light reflection.
When a beam of light on the surface of an object then a portion of the light beam is absorbed and some of the light reflected by theobject surface.
Light beam which is reflected light is called reflection.
There are two beams of light reflection.
1. Regular reflection, the reflection which the dossiersnenghasilkan distinguished parallel reflecting light. Regularreflection occurs when a beam of light falling on a smooth or flatsurface.
2. Diffuse reflectance (diffuse) is the reflection of light rays that are not necessarily reflective direction. Diffuse reflection occurs whena beam of light falling on rough surfaces, such as surface soil.
Law of reflection.
Law of reflection (Snell law) reads:
- Light come, light reflective, and the normal line lies in one plane.
- Angle came together at an angle of reflection.
Normal line is the line perpendicular to the mirror distinguished.
Angle is the angle formed by the rays which come and the normal line.
Reflection angle is the angle formed by the rays which bounce to the normal line.
Shadows in the Mirror.
Objects that have a smooth and shiny surface called the mirror
Based on the mirror surface is classified into three namely:
1. Flat mirror
Flat mirror is a mirror which has a flat part of the reflection of lightwhich, for example a mirror to look in the mirror / makeup andperiscope.
The shadow is happening on the flat mirror is a false shadow.
Pseudo shadow is the shadow which we can see in the mirror, butcan not be captured by the screen.
The nature of the shadow on the flat mirror:
a. Shadows and objects have the same size.
b. Distance shadow in the mirror equal to the distance the object in the mirror.
c. Shadow the opposite direction to the object. For example, the left side of the object will be the right side shadow.
d. The image of the object is upright.
e. Maya or pseudo
2. Sunken Mirror (concave)
Is a mirror which has a reflective section in the form ofhollow-hollow like the inside of the ball.
For example: the inside of the car lights and flashlights.
The shadow is happening is a real image.
Real image (true) is the shadow which occurred outside the mirror,but can be captured by the screen.
Nature concave mirror image:
a. If the object close to the concave mirror, the shadow object isupright, larger, and false.
b. If the object away from the concave mirror, images of objectsare: real (true), and inverted.
3. Convex mirror (convex)
Is a mirror which has a reflective section in the form of convexity.
Cembungan was like the outside of the bull.
Example: rearview mirror on cars and motorcycles.
The shadow is happening is apparent shadow.
Nature convex mirror image:
a. cyberspace.
b. Erect
c. And smaller (reduced) from the real thing.
LIGHT CAN refracted.
When the light propagating medium berbebeda belalui two, for example from a substance into another substance different density,the light refracting or bending experience.
The medium is the medium through which
The density of different substances. Clear glass density is greater than the density of clear water, etc.
When light propagating from the substance which is less tightly intoa substance more tightly then the light will be refracted near the normal line.
A distinguished example of light traveling from air into water.
When light from a substance creeping closer to the substancewhich is less tightly, then the light will be refracted away from the normal line.
For example, the light creeping into the air glass
Refraction Example: who put pencil cup water imaginable pencillook broken, it seems clear shallow pool distinguished.
WHITE LIGHT CONSIST OF MANY COLORS
Sunlight refracted distinguished, described and reflected by drops of rain water will cause the color of the rainbow.
White light breaks down into a variety of colors are: red, orange,yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet, often called MIJIKUHIBINIU.
The spectrum of colors of light are distinguished form the white light.
The white color is often called polikromatis. Poly means many, while chromatic means the color.
The seven colors of the rainbow are often called monochromatic.Mono means single
Refraction angles of light colors such bearbeda different.
Refraction angle is smaller than a red light at an angle of refractionof light yellow.
Violet light refracted at an angle of refraction is greatest.
Other colors are located between the red and purple.
In the white color of the rainbow from the sun breaks down intoseveral colors. Decomposition can you observe the color by usinga triangular prism.
Decomposition of white into a rainbow of seven colors is calleddispersion.
OPTICAL EQUIPMENT
Optical instrument is any device that uses lenses.
So that the eyes are not damaged by the influence of light, then:
a. Sebaikknya reading light in place.
b. Not looking at direct source glare ..
There are two kinds of glasses, namely:
a. Eye glasses bearlensa: used to help people with eye defects.
b. Eye glass lens was used to protect matadari dust and rayswhich are too bright.
EYE
The eyes are one of the tools in use senses to see.
FOREIGN PARTS:
1. The cornea is the outer layer of the eye in the form of thin,translucent, soft, and sharply curved.
The cornea serves to receive light, the light went on, protect thelens of the eye of the feathers, and helps focus light onto the retina.
2. Iris is a membrane that forms a gap in front of the eye circles.
Iris function gives color to the eye.
3. Slit pupil is a circle formed by the iris.
Pupil function to set the intensity of light into the eye.
4. Eye lens, made of translucent material, fibrous and elastic andconvex.
Serves to form the image of the object.
Image formed by the lens of the eye: Real, inverted, and smaller.
5. Retina (membrane nets) is the rear surface of the eye that servesas a screen, which is to capture the image which is formed by theeye, and sends signals to the optic nerve to the brain.
EYE DEFECTS.
Normal eyes (emetropi) is the eye that still can berakomodasi well,has a near point at a distance of 25 cm and the far point at a distance of infinity.
Various kinds of eye defects:
1. Nearsightedness (Miopi).
are the eyes which can not clearly see objects far away from the eye.
This is due to the shadow object falls in front of the retina.
People with nearsightedness can be remedied by using a concavelens glasses (leansa negative)
Technological developments led to the patients with nearsightedness can be resolved through eye surgery usingExcimer lacer. In this surgery the cornea is made in such a way asto seem flat, so that the refraction of the eye disorders can becorrected. In medical science this way is called PRK(Potorefrective Kerateclomy).
2. Nearsightedness (Hipermetropi).
Nearsightedness is the eye can see objects which are notdistinguished position close to the eye.
Nearsightedness can be remedied by using convex lens glasses(positive lenses)
3. Dark eyes (Presbiopi)
is the eye defect that usually occurs in elderly person. The reasonis that weak akomodasimata power.
Assisted with bifocals glasses, ie glasses which serves multiple (usually people say the glass eye double)
Concave lenses are diverging (spreading light.)
Convex lenses are converging (light gathering).
THE TYPES OF OPTICAL EQUIPMENT
A Camera: is a tool which is used to record an event or an important event in the form of photographs or images.
The camera consists of a convex lens.
B loop (magnifying glass)
is a convex lens in use to see small objects to appear larger and clearer.
C. Miskroskop
Is the optical instrument used to view objects or very smallmakkhluk life.
D Binoculars (Telescope)
Is the optical instrument used to view objects which lies very far to look more closely and more clearly.
Based on how it works binoculars are divided into two types,namely bias and binoculars binoculars reflective.
E. Periscope.
Used on a submarine periscope to see objects above sea level.
A periscope consists of a convex lens (positive) as the objectiveprism and two right-angled isosceles serata a convex lens as theeyepiece.
HAPPY LEARNING.
Summary of the theory.
Light is one of the electromagnetic waves so that the speed of lightequal to the speed of electromagnetic wave that is: 3 x 10 ⁸ m / s.
Thus, light can propagate in a vacuum.
Light includes a transverse wave because of the vibration andrambatannya direction perpendicular to each other.
Objects around us are grouped into two categories, namely:
1. light sources, namely all objects which can produce its own light.
2. Dark objects, ie objects which can not produce light.
Dark objects are grouped into three kinds, namely:
1. Translucent objects, ie objects which can continue some of the light.
2. Opaque objects are objects which can not forward light.
3. Object nodes are objects which can pick up almost all the lightwhich the light about it.
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT
1. Light traveling straight.
For example: sun, light flashlight, light lamps, etc.
2. The light penetrates the object nodes.
3. Light can be reflected
4. Light can be refracted
5. White light consists of various colors.
Light propagation.
If the medium through which the light is homogeneous, the light willtravel straight.
There are 2 kinds of shadow which is formed behind the object, theUmbra and Panumbra.
Umbra is a dark area behind the object which received no light atall.
Panumbra is dimly lit area behind the objects that still receivesome light.
The light reflection.
When a beam of light on the surface of an object then a portion of the light beam is absorbed and some of the light reflected by theobject surface.
Light beam which is reflected light is called reflection.
There are two beams of light reflection.
1. Regular reflection, the reflection which the dossiersnenghasilkan distinguished parallel reflecting light. Regularreflection occurs when a beam of light falling on a smooth or flatsurface.
2. Diffuse reflectance (diffuse) is the reflection of light rays that are not necessarily reflective direction. Diffuse reflection occurs whena beam of light falling on rough surfaces, such as surface soil.
Law of reflection.
Law of reflection (Snell law) reads:
- Light come, light reflective, and the normal line lies in one plane.
- Angle came together at an angle of reflection.
Normal line is the line perpendicular to the mirror distinguished.
Angle is the angle formed by the rays which come and the normal line.
Reflection angle is the angle formed by the rays which bounce to the normal line.
Shadows in the Mirror.
Objects that have a smooth and shiny surface called the mirror
Based on the mirror surface is classified into three namely:
1. Flat mirror
Flat mirror is a mirror which has a flat part of the reflection of lightwhich, for example a mirror to look in the mirror / makeup andperiscope.
The shadow is happening on the flat mirror is a false shadow.
Pseudo shadow is the shadow which we can see in the mirror, butcan not be captured by the screen.
The nature of the shadow on the flat mirror:
a. Shadows and objects have the same size.
b. Distance shadow in the mirror equal to the distance the object in the mirror.
c. Shadow the opposite direction to the object. For example, the left side of the object will be the right side shadow.
d. The image of the object is upright.
e. Maya or pseudo
2. Sunken Mirror (concave)
Is a mirror which has a reflective section in the form ofhollow-hollow like the inside of the ball.
For example: the inside of the car lights and flashlights.
The shadow is happening is a real image.
Real image (true) is the shadow which occurred outside the mirror,but can be captured by the screen.
Nature concave mirror image:
a. If the object close to the concave mirror, the shadow object isupright, larger, and false.
b. If the object away from the concave mirror, images of objectsare: real (true), and inverted.
3. Convex mirror (convex)
Is a mirror which has a reflective section in the form of convexity.
Cembungan was like the outside of the bull.
Example: rearview mirror on cars and motorcycles.
The shadow is happening is apparent shadow.
Nature convex mirror image:
a. cyberspace.
b. Erect
c. And smaller (reduced) from the real thing.
LIGHT CAN refracted.
When the light propagating medium berbebeda belalui two, for example from a substance into another substance different density,the light refracting or bending experience.
The medium is the medium through which
The density of different substances. Clear glass density is greater than the density of clear water, etc.
When light propagating from the substance which is less tightly intoa substance more tightly then the light will be refracted near the normal line.
A distinguished example of light traveling from air into water.
When light from a substance creeping closer to the substancewhich is less tightly, then the light will be refracted away from the normal line.
For example, the light creeping into the air glass
Refraction Example: who put pencil cup water imaginable pencillook broken, it seems clear shallow pool distinguished.
WHITE LIGHT CONSIST OF MANY COLORS
Sunlight refracted distinguished, described and reflected by drops of rain water will cause the color of the rainbow.
White light breaks down into a variety of colors are: red, orange,yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet, often called MIJIKUHIBINIU.
The spectrum of colors of light are distinguished form the white light.
The white color is often called polikromatis. Poly means many, while chromatic means the color.
The seven colors of the rainbow are often called monochromatic.Mono means single
Refraction angles of light colors such bearbeda different.
Refraction angle is smaller than a red light at an angle of refractionof light yellow.
Violet light refracted at an angle of refraction is greatest.
Other colors are located between the red and purple.
In the white color of the rainbow from the sun breaks down intoseveral colors. Decomposition can you observe the color by usinga triangular prism.
Decomposition of white into a rainbow of seven colors is calleddispersion.
OPTICAL EQUIPMENT
Optical instrument is any device that uses lenses.
So that the eyes are not damaged by the influence of light, then:
a. Sebaikknya reading light in place.
b. Not looking at direct source glare ..
There are two kinds of glasses, namely:
a. Eye glasses bearlensa: used to help people with eye defects.
b. Eye glass lens was used to protect matadari dust and rayswhich are too bright.
EYE
The eyes are one of the tools in use senses to see.
FOREIGN PARTS:
1. The cornea is the outer layer of the eye in the form of thin,translucent, soft, and sharply curved.
The cornea serves to receive light, the light went on, protect thelens of the eye of the feathers, and helps focus light onto the retina.
2. Iris is a membrane that forms a gap in front of the eye circles.
Iris function gives color to the eye.
3. Slit pupil is a circle formed by the iris.
Pupil function to set the intensity of light into the eye.
4. Eye lens, made of translucent material, fibrous and elastic andconvex.
Serves to form the image of the object.
Image formed by the lens of the eye: Real, inverted, and smaller.
5. Retina (membrane nets) is the rear surface of the eye that servesas a screen, which is to capture the image which is formed by theeye, and sends signals to the optic nerve to the brain.
EYE DEFECTS.
Normal eyes (emetropi) is the eye that still can berakomodasi well,has a near point at a distance of 25 cm and the far point at a distance of infinity.
Various kinds of eye defects:
1. Nearsightedness (Miopi).
are the eyes which can not clearly see objects far away from the eye.
This is due to the shadow object falls in front of the retina.
People with nearsightedness can be remedied by using a concavelens glasses (leansa negative)
Technological developments led to the patients with nearsightedness can be resolved through eye surgery usingExcimer lacer. In this surgery the cornea is made in such a way asto seem flat, so that the refraction of the eye disorders can becorrected. In medical science this way is called PRK(Potorefrective Kerateclomy).
2. Nearsightedness (Hipermetropi).
Nearsightedness is the eye can see objects which are notdistinguished position close to the eye.
Nearsightedness can be remedied by using convex lens glasses(positive lenses)
3. Dark eyes (Presbiopi)
is the eye defect that usually occurs in elderly person. The reasonis that weak akomodasimata power.
Assisted with bifocals glasses, ie glasses which serves multiple (usually people say the glass eye double)
Concave lenses are diverging (spreading light.)
Convex lenses are converging (light gathering).
THE TYPES OF OPTICAL EQUIPMENT
A Camera: is a tool which is used to record an event or an important event in the form of photographs or images.
The camera consists of a convex lens.
B loop (magnifying glass)
is a convex lens in use to see small objects to appear larger and clearer.
C. Miskroskop
Is the optical instrument used to view objects or very smallmakkhluk life.
D Binoculars (Telescope)
Is the optical instrument used to view objects which lies very far to look more closely and more clearly.
Based on how it works binoculars are divided into two types,namely bias and binoculars binoculars reflective.
E. Periscope.
Used on a submarine periscope to see objects above sea level.
A periscope consists of a convex lens (positive) as the objectiveprism and two right-angled isosceles serata a convex lens as theeyepiece.
HAPPY LEARNING.
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